#Symphytum and bone healing skin#
#Symphytum and bone healing free#

#Symphytum and bone healing free#

The current study's objectives were to obtain different extracts and essential oils of Symphytum kurdicum and Symphytum asperrimum and to determine the chemical composition, as well as to evaluate free radical scavenging activity (IC50) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the effect of liposomal formulation on antimicrobial properties.Īir-dried powdered aerial parts of S.

#Symphytum and bone healing skin#

ibericum can be regarded as a prospective source of pharmaceutical or cosmeceutical ingredients with putative uses in the management of chronic conditions linked to oxidative stress, such as Alzheimer’s disease or skin pigmentation disorders. Exploratory multivariate analysis revealed four clusters with respect to phytochemical profile, of which one rich in danshensu, quercetin hexoside, dehydrorabdosiin, dihydrogloboidnan B and quercetin acetylhexoside.Īs evidenced through the phytochemical characterization and multi-biological evaluation, S. With respect to the inhibitory activity tested on various pharmacologically relevant enzymes, interesting anti-acetylcholinesterase (0.32 ± 0.03–3.32 ± 0.12 mg galanthamine equivalents/g), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (0.88 ± 0.06–5.85 ± 0.16 mg galanthamine equivalents/g) and anti-tyrosinase (21.84 ± 0.21–61.94 ± 2.86 mg kojic acid equivalents/g) properties were noticed. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity showed potent scavenging activity against synthetic radicals, cupric ion reducing (37.60 ± 0.15–436.26 ± 7.12 mg Trolox equivalents/g), ferric ion reducing (21.01 ± 0.74–229.99 ± 3.86 mg Trolox equivalents/g) and chelating capacity in general, the leaf extracts displayed superior antioxidant effects than the corresponding root extracts. The liquid chromatography hyphenated with tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS/MS)-based phytochemical profiling revealed a number of 29 distinct compounds, such as phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, globoidnan B, rabdosiin, globoidnan A), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin derivatives, luteolin, apigenin), pyrrolizidine alkaloids (e.g., intermedine– N -oxide, lycopsamine- N -oxide, symphytine- N -oxide), organic and oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids. ibericum varied between 10.53 ± 0.20 to 84.95 ± 0.60 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and between 0.81 ± 0.06 to 20.88 ± 0.29 mg rutin equivalents/g. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts obtained from the leaves and roots of S. ibericum Steven, a perennial Boraginaceae plant distributed in the Northeastern Turkey and Caucasus region. However, to date there are no previous comprehensive phytochemical characterization and multi-biological evaluation of S. In the recent years, considerable research efforts were put into assessing the chemico-biological profile of unexploited Symphytum species, with the aim to extend the medicinal valences of the genus to new pharmacological applications.

(comfrey, Boraginaceae) has a longstanding use as a remedy to alleviate the clinical symptomatology in arthritis, strains, contusions or sprains. aintabicum, promising results were revealed from the quantitative chemosystematic analysis of bioactive components present and as sources of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors against key human illnesses, thus providing scope for potential applications in phytomedicine development. Hence, as a first report highlighting the in vitro pharmacological properties of S. The findings also indicated that the extraction method as well as the solvent type used to more or less affect the yield of the bioactive compounds and extracts’ bioactivity reported herein.

Moreover, while all extracts showed inhibition on amylase, only the methanolic extracts acted as inhibitors of cholinesterases and tyrosinase, most probably due to their relatively higher flavonoid content. The extracts also showed metal chelating power and total antioxidant capacity in phosphomolybdenum assay.

However, methanolic and infusion extracts were observed as the most potent radical scavengers and reducing agents, most likely related to their phenolic content. In general, the extracts displayed significant antioxidant activity. For instance, the extracts were found to possess phenolic and flavonoid levels ranging from 35.50 to 112.25 mg GAE/g and 2.54–25.12 mg RE/g, respectively. aintabicum extracts prepared by different extraction techniques (homogenizer assisted extraction, infusion and maceration) were assayed for their chemosystematic attributes (total phenolic, flavonoid) as well as bioactive compound contents, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potentials. However, many species belonging to this genus have not yet been scientifically investigated and hence investigation in this regard is warranted. Symphytum species, commonly known as comfrey, hold a long history of folk medicinal uses for healing wounds, bone fractures and other pain resulting from inflammation.